Pedagogi Adab dalam Pendidikan Pesantren: Internalisasi Nilai Ta’lim al-Muta’allim dan Pembentukan Kecerdasan Spiritual Santri

Abstract

Classical Islamic text learning in pesantren functions not only as the transmission of religious knowledge but also as a pedagogical space for cultivating learning ethics and students’ spiritual orientation. This study analyzes the internalization of educational values in Ta’lim al-Muta’allim and their role in shaping students’ spiritual intelligence at MADIN An-Nawawy, Sidoarjo. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed. Informants were purposively selected from students and teachers directly involved in the study of the text. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and a questionnaire used as supporting evidence. The data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, while source and technique triangulation were used to strengthen credibility. The findings indicate that value internalization operates through three interconnected mechanisms: contextual interpretation of the text through bandongan and sorogan, teacher role modeling and educative teacher-student relations, and habituation of values in everyday learning practices. Sincerity, humility, patience, respect for teachers, discipline, and self-control are not retained as normative knowledge but are enacted in students’ learning attitudes and interactions. Students also show indications of strengthened self-awareness, clarity of intention, reflective capacity, and emotional self-control. The study argues that the contribution of Ta’lim al-Muta’allim to students’ spirituality lies not in the text alone but in a pedagogy of adab that connects textual learning, role modeling, habituation, and the pesantren educational environment. Classical text learning can therefore be understood as a process of value transinternalization that transforms knowledge of adab into spiritual dispositions and learning behavior.